Briefing of Melatonin?

Melatonin is a dietary supplement and medication as well as a naturally occurring hormone.As a hormone,melatonin is released by the pineal gland and participates in the sleep-wake cycle.As a supplement,it is commonly used for the short-term treatment of insomnia,such as jet lag or shift work, and is usually taken orally.However, the evidence for its benefit for this use is weak.A 2017 review found that time to fall asleep was 6 minutes faster with use, but total sleep time was unchanged.A slow-release form of melatonin is also approved in Europe as a treatment for insomnia in some people.Side effects of melatonin supplementation are minimal at low doses for short periods of time (about the same reported for melatonin and placebo in studies).Side effects of melatonin are rare, but may occur in 1 to 10 patients per 1,000 patients.They may include lethargy (drowsiness), headache, nausea, diarrhea, abnormal dreams, irritability, nervousness, restlessness, insomnia, anxiety, migraines, lethargy, psychomotor hyperactivity, dizziness, high blood pressure, Abdominal pain, heartburn, mouth sores, dry mouth, hyperbilirubinemia, dermatitis, night sweats, itching, rash, dry skin, pain in extremities, menopausal symptoms, chest pain, glycosuria (sugar in urine), proteinuria (protein in urine), Abnormal liver function tests, weight gain, tiredness,mood swings,Aggression and hangover feeling.It is not recommended for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding, or in individuals with liver disease.

Melatonin acts as an agonist of the melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors and is a biological target of endogenous melatonin.It is thought that activation of these receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain's hypothalamus regulates the circadian clock and sleep-wake cycle.Immediate-release melatonin has a short elimination half-life of approximately 20 to 50 minutes.Slow-release melatonin used as a drug has a half-life of 3.5 to 4 hours.

Melatonin was discovered in 1958.It is sold over the counter in Canada and the United States;in the United Kingdom, it is a prescription drug.In Australia and the European Union, it shows sleep difficulties in people over the age of 54.In the European Union,it is indicated for the treatment of insomnia in children and adolescents.The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers melatonin a dietary supplement, so it has not been approved for any medical use.It was approved for medical use in the European Union in 2007.In addition to melatonin, certain synthetic melatonin receptor agonists such as ramelteon, tasimelteon, and agomelatine are used in medicine.In 2020,it was the 298th most commonly prescribed drug in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions filled.