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Probiotics are live microorganisms that are claimed to have health benefits when consumed, usually by improving or restoring the gut flora. [1][2] Probiotics are generally considered safe for consumption, but in rare cases may cause bacteria-host interactions and unwanted side effects. [3][4][5] The
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The human gut microbiota is involved in a cascade of activities essential for body health. Their imbalance can lead to significant metabolic abnormalities and a plethora of diseases. Prebiotics have emerged as an effective nonpharmacological approach to re-establish gut symbiosis and promote well be
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Carnitine is a quaternary ammonium compound involved in the metabolism of most mammals, plants and some bacteria. [1][2][3][4] To support energy metabolism, carnitine transports long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for oxidation to generate free energy and participates in the removal of met
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